Ovary Cyst

Ovary cyst is a cyst growing inside or surface of the ovary (ovarian). Ovarian cyst often occurs in women in their reproductive. Most of the cysts formed due to changes in hormone levels that occur during the menstrual cycle, the production and release of eggs from the ovaries.

Causes
Ovarian cysts are formed by a variety of reasons. The cause of this which will determine the type of cyst. Among the several types of ovarian cysts, folikuler type is the type of cyst most commonly found. This type of cyst formed due to the growth of ovarian follicles that are not controlled.

Follicular fluid is a normal cavity in the ovary. In normal circumstances, follicles containing eggs will be open during the menstrual cycle to release the egg. However, in some cases, these follicles do not open that caused the dam quest which will be a cyst. Cyst fluid that fills most of the blood that came out because of injury which occurs in small blood vessels of the ovary.


Symptoms
Most ovarian cysts cause no symptoms, or only a little pain is not dangerous. But there are unisex cyst grows large and sharp pain menimpulkan.

The following symptoms may appear when you have ovarian cysts:

* Stomach felt full, heavy, bloated
* Pressure on the rectum and bladder (difficult urination)
* Menstrual irregularities
* Persistent pelvic pain or recurrent that can spread to the lower back and thighs.
* Painful intercourse
* Nausea, want to vomit, or hardening of the breast like during pregnancy.

The types of ovarian cysts

• functional cyst

Cysts are formed from tissue that changes during normal menstrual function. These normal cysts will shrink and disappear by themselves within 2-3 menstrual cycles. There are 2 kinds of functional cysts: follicular cysts and corpus luteum cyst.

Follicular cyst

Follicles as a store of eggs will issue the egg at ovulation when there is stimulation of LH (Luteinizing Hormone). Spending this hormone regulated by the pituitary gland in the brain. If all goes well, the egg is released and began his journey to the Fallopian tubes (fallopian tube) to be fertilized. Folikuler cyst is formed when the LH surge does not occur and the chain reaction does not start ovulation, so that the follicle does not rupture or release eggs, and even the follicle continues to grow into a cyst. Folikuler cysts are usually harmless, rarely cause pain and often disappear between 2-3 menstrual cycles.

corpus luteum cyst

When the LH surge occurs and the egg is released, another chain of events begins. Follicle and then react to LH by producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone in large numbers in preparation for fertilization. Changes in the follicle is called corpus luteum. However, sometimes after the egg is released, the hole closed out and the tissues collected in it, causing the corpus luteum grows and becomes a cyst. Although this cyst usually goes away by itself within a few weeks, but these cysts can grow to 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter and has the potential to bleed by themselves or immediate cause of ovarian pelvic or abdominal pain. If the cyst contains blood, the cyst may rupture and cause internal bleeding and sharp pain suddenly.

• Dermoid cyst

Ovarian cyst that contains various types of tissue eg hair, nails, skin, teeth and more. These cysts can occur from a young age, maybe even been taken in his mother's womb. These cysts are usually dry and not cause symptoms, but can become large and cause pain.

Dermoid cyst picture above is received in a laboratory. After review, they will cyst diameter 16 cm with cystic and solid parts-soft. On cleavage, the mass was yellow like butter, are also found in hair and brown mass as shown in the picture. When viewed under a microscope, the diagnosis results showed Mature cystic teratomas, benign tumors.

• Cyst Endometriosis

Cysts are formed from networks of endometriosis (tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus) attached to the ovary and develop into cysts. These cysts are often referred to as chocolate cysts of endometriosis because it contains reddish-brown blood. These cysts associated with endometriosis disease that causes painful menstruation and painful intercourse.

• Kistadenoma

Cyst that develops from cells in the outer surface layer of the ovary, usually benign. Kistadenoma can grow into large and interfere with other abdominal organs and cause pain.

• PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

The ovary contains many cysts that form from the building causing cyst ovarian follicles thickened. This was associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, a disease caused by hormonal disturbances, especially excessive androgen hormones. This makes ovarian cysts enlarge and create a thick outer layer that can prevent ovulation, so often a problem of infertility.

Screening and diagnosis

Verifiability diagnosis for ovarian cysts can be done by inspection:

1. Ultrasonography (USG)

This action does not hurt, tentacle (transducer) is used to send and receive high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) through the pelvis, and displays the image of the uterus and ovaries on the screen. This picture can be printed and analyzed by a doctor to confirm the presence of cysts, help identify their location and determine whether the contents of the cyst fluid or solid. Fluid-filled cysts tend to be more benign, the cyst contains solid materials requires further investigation.

2. Laparoscopy

By laparoscopy (telescope instrument light and thin inserted through a small surgery below the navel) the doctor can see the ovary, sucking fluid from the cyst or take percontoh material for biopsy.

Ovarian cysts are not dangerous for benign conditions, but the cyst may enlarge causing pain in the abdomen. In some cases the disease can disrupt the production of hormones from the ovaries and produce irregular bleeding from the vagina and increased body hair. If the cyst or tumor growing and pressing the bladder, you will urinate more frequently due to reduced bladder capacity. Ovarian cysts can be dangerous when the cysts become malignant, because it all cysts should be examined by a doctor.

Medical

Treatment depends on the age, type and size of cysts and the symptoms suffered. Several treatment options that may be recommended:

1. Wait and see approach

If women of reproductive age who still want to get pregnant, ovulate regularly, without symptoms, and the results of an ultrasound showed fluid-filled cyst, the doctor did not provide any treatment, and suggested an ultrasound test periodically (intervals 2-3 menstrual cycle) to see whether the size of the cysts enlarge . This approach is also an option for postmenopausal women if the cyst filled with fluid and its diameter is less than 5 cm.

2. Contraceptive pill

If there is a functional cyst, the contraceptive pill is used to shrink the size of the cyst. Use of the contraceptive pill also reduces the chance of cyst growth.

3. Surgery

If a large cyst (diameter> 5 cm), solid, grow or remain for 2-3 menstrual cycles, or irregular-shaped cysts, causing pain or severe symptoms, the cyst can be removed by surgery. If the cyst is not cancer, can be done to eliminate miomektomi action with ovarian cysts is still in place. If the cyst is cancerous, the doctor will suggest measures for removal of the ovaries hysterectomy.